In the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://qr-code04937.blogdigy.com/preparing-for-system-level-thinking-in-vlsi-design-education-61918691